novial
Propri nome novial
Informatione
Parlat poki parleres trans li monde
Ofisial lingue nulilok
Parleres tre poki
Range no in li 100 maxim grandi
Alfabete latini
Akademie del lingue nulu

Linguistikal klasifikatione

Lingual familie Konstruktadi lingue
Lingual grupe international auxiliari lingue
Kodes del lingue
ISO 639-1
ISO 639-2 art
ISO 639-3 {{{iso3}}}
SIL nov

Li novial es li lingue konstruktadi dal Profesore Otto Jespersen, linguiste dani kel anteim had prendad part in li kreatione de altri konstruktadi lingue, ido. Lo kread novial kom international auxiliari lingue, por plufasilifika international komunikatione, ma sin desplasa uli patrial lingues.

Jespersen unesmim introdukted novial in li angli libre An International Language ye 1928. Ye 1930 lo publisad multilingual lexike de novial, Novial Lexike, kun traduktiones in anglum, fransum e germanum. Plusi modifikationes blid proposi ye li 1930 dekyare, ma after li morio de Jespersen ye 1943, lun uso sesda. Durant li 1990 dekyare novial ha atrakted intereso per li interete, e nun es nombre de useres trans li monde.

Historie modifika

Un International Lingue (1928) modifika

Novial unesmim bli deskripte in li angli libre An International Language (1928) da Otto Jespersen. Li unesmi parte del libre diskuse li besono por international auxiliari lingue, li desavantajes de national lingues por ti funktione e komuni objektiones konter konstruktadi auxiliari lingues. Jespersen anke provise kritikal resense del historie de konstruktadi IALs kun sektiones pri Volapük, Esperanto, Idiom Neutral, Ido, Latino sine Flexione e Occidental (Interlingue). Li autore klarifika ke lo usa li grandi quantitate de plu frui verkes pri lo probleme, non solim li anteim mentionat IALs.

Li duesmi parte de An International Language detalim deskripte novial. Alternativi posibli solutiones pro problemes in li fonologia, ortografia, gramatike e vokablaro bli konsidera. Li selektiones bli explika per komparo kun national e anteim konstrukteri IALs.

Kritike modifika

Novial did es tre kritikad. Tolkien, exemplim, dikted:

Novial, for instance, is ingenious, and easier than Esperanto, but hideous -- "factory product" is written all over it, or rather, "made of spare parts" -- and it has no gleam of the individuality, coherence and beauty, which appear in the great natural idioms, and which do appear to a considerable degree (probably as high a degree as is possible in an artificial idiom) in Esperanto -- a proof of the genius of the original author...[1].

Nunim modifika

Esperanto haved sukseso plus kam li novial ma... ob Jespersen komprenad ante omnes ke li Anglum vud es li internationali lingue after li Fransum kom tum es nunim?

Ob nur li chanse fad ke lo esed profesor de anglum?

Quam unque es, li gramatike del novial es li angli gramatike por li verbes e li novial vordes es konosata pri len radikale en li omne monde. Dise dona novi chanse de sukseso nunim al novial.

Gramatike modifika

Personal pronouns, subject and object modifika

Singular Plural
I me we nus
you vu you vus
he, she, neuter le, la, lo they les
it lu, lum lus




Grammar English Novial
Infinitive to protect protekte
Present I protect me protekte
Present Perfect I have protected me ha protekted
Simple Past I protected me did protekte or me protekted
Past Perfect I had protected me had protekted
Future I will protect me va protekte
Future Perfect I will have protected me va ha protekted
Future In The Past I was going to protect me saled protekte
Conditional I would protect me vud protekte
Conditional Perfect I would have protected me vud ha protekted
First Imperative Let me protect! Let me protekte!
Second Imperative protect! protekte!
  • Present active participle: protektent – "protecting"
  • Past passive participle: protektet – "protected"


Passive modifika

Grammar English Novial
Infinitive to be protected es protekted o bli protekte
Present I am protected me es protekted o me bli protekte
Present Perfect I have been protected me ha es protekted o me ha bli protekte
Simple Past I was protected me did es protekted o me esed protekted
Past Perfect I had been protected me had es protekted
Future I will be protected me va es protekted o me va bli protekte
Conditional I would be protected me vud es protekted o me vud bli protekte

Referes modifika

  1. A philologist on Esperanto