User:Caro de Segeda/Novial
novial
 | |
| Propri nome | novial |
| Informatione | |
| Parlat | poki parleres trans li monde |
| Ofisial lingue | nulilok |
| Parleres | tre poki |
| Range | no in li 100 maxim grandi |
| Alfabete | latini |
| Akademie del lingue | nulu |
|
Linguistikal klasifikatione | |
| Lingual familie | Konstruktadi lingue |
| Lingual grupe | international auxiliari lingue |
| Kodes del lingue | |
| ISO 639-1 | |
| ISO 639-2 | art |
| ISO 639-3 | {{{iso3}}} |
| SIL | nov |
Li novial es li lingue konstruktadi dal Profesore Otto Jespersen, linguiste dani kel anteim had prendad part in li kreatione de altri konstruktadi lingue, ido. Lo kread novial kom international auxiliari lingue, por plufasilifika international komunikatione, ma sin desplasa uli patrial lingues.
Jespersen unesmim introdukted novial in li angli libre An International Language ye 1928. Ye 1930 lo publisad multilingual lexike de novial, Novial Lexike, kun traduktiones in anglum, fransum e germanum. Plusi modifikationes blid proposi ye li 1930 dekyare, ma after li morio de Jespersen ye 1943, lun uso sesda. Durant li 1990 dekyare novial ha atrakted intereso per li interete, e nun es nombre de useres trans li monde.
Historie
modifikaUn International Lingue (1928)
modifikaNovial unesmim bli deskripte in li angli libre An International Language (1928) da Otto Jespersen. Li unesmi parte del libre diskuse li besono por international auxiliari lingue, li desavantajes de national lingues por ti funktione e komuni objektiones konter konstruktadi auxiliari lingues. Jespersen anke provise kritikal resense del historie de konstruktadi IALs kun sektiones pri Volapük, Esperanto, Idiom Neutral, Ido, Latino sine Flexione e Occidental (Interlingue). Li autore klarifika ke lo usa li grandi quantitate de plu frui verkes pri lo probleme, non solim li anteim mentionat IALs.
Li duesmi parte de An International Language detalim deskripte novial. Alternativi posibli solutiones pro problemes in li fonologia, ortografia, gramatike e vokablaro bli konsidera. Li selektiones bli explika per komparo kun national e anteim konstrukteri IALs.
Kritike
modifikaNovial did es tre kritikad. Tolkien, exemplim, dikted:
- Novial, for instance, is ingenious, and easier than Esperanto, but hideous -- "factory product" is written all over it, or rather, "made of spare parts" -- and it has no gleam of the individuality, coherence and beauty, which appear in the great natural idioms, and which do appear to a considerable degree (probably as high a degree as is possible in an artificial idiom) in Esperanto -- a proof of the genius of the original author...[1].
Nunim
modifikaEsperanto haved sukseso plus kam li novial ma... ob Jespersen komprenad ante omnes ke li Anglum vud es li internationali lingue after li Fransum kom tum es nunim?
Ob nur li chanse fad ke lo esed profesor de anglum?
Quam unque es, li gramatike del novial es li angli gramatike por li verbes e li novial vordes es konosata pri len radikale en li omne monde. Dise dona novi chanse de sukseso nunim al novial.
Gramatike
modifikaPersonal pronouns, subject and object
modifika| Singular | Plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| I | me | we | nus |
| you | vu | you | vus |
| he, she, neuter | le, la, lo | they | les |
| it | lu, lum | lus | |
| Grammar | English | Novial |
|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | to protect | protekte |
| Present | I protect | me protekte |
| Present Perfect | I have protected | me ha protekted |
| Simple Past | I protected | me did protekte or me protekted |
| Past Perfect | I had protected | me had protekted |
| Future | I will protect | me va protekte |
| Future Perfect | I will have protected | me va ha protekted |
| Future In The Past | I was going to protect | me saled protekte |
| Conditional | I would protect | me vud protekte |
| Conditional Perfect | I would have protected | me vud ha protekted |
| First Imperative | Let me protect! | Let me protekte! |
| Second Imperative | protect! | protekte! |
- Present active participle: protektent – "protecting"
- Past passive participle: protektet – "protected"
Passive
modifika| Grammar | English | Novial |
|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | to be protected | es protekted o bli protekte |
| Present | I am protected | me es protekted o me bli protekte |
| Present Perfect | I have been protected | me ha es protekted o me ha bli protekte |
| Simple Past | I was protected | me did es protekted o me esed protekted |
| Past Perfect | I had been protected | me had es protekted |
| Future | I will be protected | me va es protekted o me va bli protekte |
| Conditional | I would be protected | me vud es protekted o me vud bli protekte |